The aim of this dissertation is to compare general mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular, neoplastic, external and other causes of death of male and female Croatian Olympians who competed in the Olympics between 1948 and 2016 and the general population of the Republic of Croatia. Analyses of general and specific mortality according to age groups, time period and types of sports were also carried out with regard to the type and intensity of the activity. The observed group are Croatian male and female Olympians who participated in the summer or winter Olympic Games between 1948 and 2016, and the control is the general population in the territory of today's Republic of Croatia, complementary in terms of age, gender and time period to the observed group. The results showed that male and female Croatian Olympians have statistically significantly lower general mortality than the general population. Due to the small sample, other planned analyses were not performed for the female population. A statistically significant reduction in cardiovascular, neoplastic mortality and mortality from other causes of death compared to the general population was shown among Croatian Olympians. A statistically significant reduction in the general mortality of Croatian Olympians was obtained for the age groups 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75+ and the extended age group of 15-44 years. Compared to the general population, the Olympian population had a statistically significantly lower general mortality for the time periods 1948-1986, 1987-1996 and 1997-2006. Significantly lower general mortality compared to the general population was recorded in endurance, strength and intermediate sports athletes.