Introduction: Impact of traumatic war experiences is not limited to those engaged directly; as those who are in intimate relationship with the traumatized individual can also suffer from psychological consequences. This phenomenon is known as secondary traumatization. The literature about transgenerational transmission of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms from veterans to their offspring is still sparse. Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine if the children of veterans suffering from PTSD have more emotional and behavioral problems than those of veterans without PTSD; to explore the correlations between children’s problems and fathers’ PTSD symptoms, mothers’ symptoms of secondary traumatization, mothers’ anxiety and depression, parents marital adjustment and expressed aggressive behavior in family. The objective was to determine which of assessed variables best explain the problems in children. Patients and Methods: The research involved 70 veterans with PTSD and 70 without PTSD, including their wives. The PTSD symptoms in fathers were assessed using the Clinician- Administrated PTSD Scale (CAPS). Emotional and behavioral symptoms in children were indirectly assessed by the mothers using the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL). Symptoms of secondary traumatization in spouses were assessed using the PTSD Checklist - Civilian Version (PCL); and mothers’ anxiety and depression were assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory 53 (BSI). Parents fulfilled demographic questionnaires, Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) for assessment of marital adjustment and Conflict Tactics Scale – Parent to Child version (CTS-PC) for assessment of expressed aggression toward children. VIResults: The children of veterans with PTSD had significantly higher scores on CBCL scales of withdrawal, anxiety and depression, and internalizing problems compared to the children of veterans without PTSD. In children with PTSD father we found significant correlations between their problems and mother’s symptoms of secondary traumatization, her anxiety and depression. There were no correlations between father PTSD and problems in children. Using linear regression analyses we found that mother’s symptoms of secondary traumatization, her marital adjustment and frequency of family conflicts are the best contributor to the child’s symptoms in our model. Higher levels of mothers’ re-experiencing symptoms, better marital adjustment and more frequent exposure of child to the physical conflicts between parents were connected to the lower levels of problems in child. Higher levels of mothers’ hyperarousal symptoms and more frequent exposure of the child to the verbal fights between parents or involvement in their physical conflict were connected to the higher levels of problems in child. Conclusion: Our results show that veteran’s PTSD symptoms alone do not result in emotional and behavioral problems in children. Still, if a father veteran has PTSD his school-aged children are at risk to have higher levels of anxiety, depression and withdrawal, in relation to those of the veterans without PTSD. Mother’s symptoms of secondary traumatization, her marital adjustment and frequency of family conflicts are the best contributor to the child’s problems in our model.