This study was performed to analyze the direction of mesh development, from non-resorptive to biological mesh. None of the materials used today meet all these requirements, but some embedding locations and body condition in which one type of material has an advantage over the other have been recognized. Thus, in case of a direct contact of the mesh with visceral organs, resorptive mesh is used, whereas for installation in contaminated or potentially contaminated areas, biological materials are recommended. Although polypropylene and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) remain the most commonly used materials in surgery, it is anticipated that in the near future biological materials could have a major role in repairing large defects of the abdominal wall and diaphragmatic hernia. The aim of the study was to compare three types of embedding materials used in modern hernia surgery - non-resorptive materials (presented with TiMesh manufactured by GfE), resorptive materials (presented with Vypro II mesh manufactured by Ethicon) and biological (Surgisis mesh manufactured by Cook Surgical). The study presents the results summarized and clearly discussed in terms of observed parameters (inflammation, vascularization, fibrosis, collagen deposition, cell proliferation and granuloma formation) and makes conclusions on the basis of the observed aspects of the interaction between the embedded mesh and host. The parameters are discussed in a way to explain the results logically, in terms of sequence of events, which is characterized by the interaction of the host organism, embedded material and the result of a surgical procedure. This study shows the advantage of biomaterials over the other two types of mesh in terms of the way of creating a favourable framework for wound healing and incorporation of the embedded material, more regular collagen deposition, greater intensity of fibroblast proliferation and neovascularization, less visible foreign body reaction, as well as the confirmed advantage in the infected medium of biomaterials.