Melanoma is a malignant tumor of the skin and it counts for less than 5% of all skin cancers. The incidence of melanoma is growing all over the world, also in Croatia. Due to the increase in the incidence of melanoma it is important to assess the economic impact and the cost of diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. The diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma at an early stage can save lives, reduce treatment costs and generate substantial savings. In the present study we have examined the epidemiological and pharmacoeconomic characteristics of patients with skin melanonom in Croatia in 5-year periods, taking into account different strategies of prevention and treatment. In addition to the number of patients, deaths and costs, DALYs are calculated according to the methodology of the World Health Organization. For the purposes of modeling, the Markov model is used to estimate the costs and epidemiological burden of disease specific to melanoma in the 5-year period. The aim of the research included the analysis of prevention strategies for early detection of melanoma, the cost of treatment and diagnosis of melanoma in Croatia and comparison to the potential prevention programs in the national program in the upcoming five-year periods. Epidemiological models and models of economic costs melanoma are made, estimation of total costs and costs per patient, the cost structure to the stages of the disease and recommendations for potential diversion of healthcare budget. The results show that there is a significant difference in the incidence of melanoma by stages in period without screening period and in the period during the program "Euromelanoma", but there is no statistically significant difference in mortality. It has been shown that the program "Euromelanoma" is a very cost-effective intervention, and ICER is € 385.6 / DALY. The average cost per patient is lowest with screening of high risk population (935 €; 95% CI 906-963 €), and the largest with screening of entire population over 50 years (2 281 €; 95% CI 2078-2484 €). In comparison with the program "Euromelanoma" with implementation of the screening of the risk population 2 273 DALYs can be avoided and despite significantly higher costs resulting from the high cost of vemurafenib, screening of risk populations is very cost-effective intervention (ICER = 5 516 €/ DALY). Screening of risk population is the dominant strategy compared to screening of the entire population older than 50 years.