Male infertility is a highly heterogeneous disorder and often basic semen analysis is insufficient for its diagnosis and explanation. The aim of the study was to determine for the first time the relationship between sperm quality and life and environmental factors with the seminal plasma total protein N-glycans. The study included 166 subjects with normal (N = 82) and pathological (PAT = 84) semen parameters (concentration/number, motility, viability, sperm morphology i.e. asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia, oligoastenozoospermia). Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) was statistically significantly higher in the PAT group and negatively associated with sperm motility and vitality. The N-glycan SPGP14 was statistically the most significant for distinguishing the N and PAT group, and for a statistically significant decreasing trend in the PAT group from asthenozoospermia to oligozoospermia and oligoastenozoospermia. Semen parameters and N-glycans showed no significant association, except for medium progressive sperm motility and SPGP2 in the PAT group. Specific N-glycans showed a statistically significant association with SDF and chromatin condensation. Environmental factors (diet, smoking, alcohol, urban/rural living) showed a significant association with SDF, chromatin condensation and changes in N-glycans which final structures were also investigated. This doctoral thesis contributes to a more comprehensive insight into male infertility, and N-glycans express potential as biomarkers in male infertility diagnostics.