Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a spectrum of liver disorders caused by excessive hepatic fat accumulation, where transient elastography is an increasingly useful non-invasive diagnostic method. Metabolic syndrome and its constituents (glucose intolerance, obesity, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension) are important risk factors for cardiovascular disorders. Objectives. The objectives of this research were to determine: the correlation between metabolic syndrome components and the levels of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis; the component that has the greatest influence on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis levels; whether there is a statistically significant difference in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis levels between subjects suffering from metabolic syndrome and those not suffering from it. Patients and Methods. 675 subjects were enrolled in the study, divided into two subgroups according to the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis levels were simultaneously determined using transient elastography. The M probe was used in normal weight and overweight subjects, while the XL probe was used in obese subjects. Liver steatosis was defined as steatosis parameter ≥238 dB/m, while advanced liver fibrosis was defined as fibrosis parameter ≥7.0 kPa. Statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc program package, at the 0.05 level of statistical significance. Results. Statistical analysis was performed on 512 subjects, pursuant to the performed power analysis. Among these, 307 suffered from metabolic syndrome, while 205 subjects did not suffer from it. All metabolic syndrome components showed statistically significant correlation with both liver steatosis and fibrosis levels, except for hypertriglyceridemia and liver fibrosis. The greatest correlation level was seen with visceral obesity, both for liver steatosis (r=0.58) and fibrosis (r=0.39). According to the multivariate analysis, visceral obesity (odds ratio 15.50) and hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio 1.89) were the only components correlated with increased fatty liver disease occurrence, while visceral obesity (odds ratio 4.55), arterial hypertension (odds ratio 2.36) and low HDL levels (odds ratio 0.56) were components associated with increased liver fibrosis. Subjects suffering from metabolic syndrome had statistically significantly higher levels of liver steatosis and fibrosis in comparison with subjects not suffering from the condition (P<0.001). The levels of steatosis and fibrosis were proportional with the number of metabolic syndrome components involved. Conclusion. Metabolic syndrome is related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Visceral obesity is the component with the greatest correlation to liver steatosis and fibrosis. Transient elastography is a viable screening method for early detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease