Public transportation systems are essential for the functioning of modern cities, enabling the connection of urban and rural areas while reducing traffic congestion and pollution. The efficiency of these systems depends on factors such as regularity, speed, cost-effectiveness, and, most importantly, safety. Quality infrastructure, safety protocols, and reliable vehicles ensure economic growth and quality of life, while increasing demand necessitates the continuous development and adaptation of systems to meet user needs. Passenger safety is critical for the success of public transportation systems. User behavior, guided by a sense of security and factors such as age, gender, and trust in the system, significantly influences accident prevention. Fear of crime can also deter individuals from using public transportation, underscoring the importance of education and clearly defined safety measures. Through a comprehensive approach and insights from behaviorism, this doctoral thesis, based on prior partial studies, aimed to identify variables that most reliably predict safety in public transportation. A primary study conducted on 506 respondents revealed that demographic factors and personality traits significantly influence safety awareness. Older individuals and women, especially those from vulnerable groups, express greater concerns, while empathetic and responsible individuals demonstrate higher adaptability to safety requirements. Environmental factors, such as lighting and station design, further shape perceptions of safety, as do social norms that encourage adherence to safety rules. Results confirmed that safety awareness positively impacts safe behavior. Education and awareness campaigns promote the adoption of safe habits, while perceived vulnerability and seriousness of risks motivate passengers to exercise caution. Perceived seriousness also strengthens the culture of safety in public transportation over the long term. The collected primary data did not confirm a significant correlation between safety awareness and personal transportation expenses. To develop a safe public transportation system, an integrated approach is recommended: passenger education, infrastructure improvement, employee training, and the reinforcement of social norms and support. Well-lit stations, visual reminders, and trained personnel can enhance the perception of safety and reduce risks, while fostering a culture of safety contributes to the sustainability of the system. Building a robust communication strategy that informs passengers about safety practices can greatly enhance safety awareness. Regularly updated information on safety protocols, potential hazards, and emergency procedures should be easily accessible. Developing targeted training programs for public transport staff can equip them to handle various safety scenarios effectively. This training should encompass conflict resolution, first aid, and crisis management skills to increase overall responsiveness. Furthermore, integrating technology into safety protocols, such as mobile applications that provide real-time alerts about safety issues, could empower passengers. This approach not only informs users about potential dangers but also creates a community of safety-minded individuals who actively participate in promoting safety. Research indicates that the integration of smart technologies in public transportation can lead to enhanced safety and more positive passenger experiences. Regular safety audits of public transportation systems can help identify potential risks and ensure that safety protocols are being followed. These audits should involve external safety experts who can provide unbiased assessments and recommendations. Encouraging public feedback on safety measures enhances cooperation and allows authorities to adapt more quickly to emerging concerns. Utilizing surveys and suggestion boxes in stations can facilitate this engagement process. Community involvement in safety initiatives can foster a culture of collective responsibility for passenger safety. Organizing community workshops focused on safety awareness can increase engagement and educate the public about best practices. Furthermore, partnership with local schools to educate students about safe transportation habits can instill lifelong safety awareness in future generations. Addressing broader societal issues, such as poverty and access to public transportation, can be integral to improving safety. Communities with limited resources may experience higher crime rates, which can negatively impact perceptions of safety in public transport systems. Thus, holistic approaches that include socio-economic improvements, alongside transportation safety measures, are necessary. Supporting local economic development initiatives can enhance community stability and, consequently, the safety of public transport systems. It is essential also to recognize the role of emergency response services in ensuring public transport safety. Collaborating with local police or emergency services can create a comprehensive safety strategy, leading to improved incident management. Training sessions that include first responders can enhance coordination during emergencies, ensuring that protocols are clear and practiced. Furthermore, fostering a culture where passengers hold each other accountable for safe behavior can strengthen collective safety awareness. Passengers should feel empowered to speak up about unsafe practices without fear of repercussions. Campaigns that promote this kind of active engagement can create communities invested in maintaining safety standards. In addition, using social media and digital platforms to disseminate safety information allows for quicker outreach and greater public awareness. Engaging influential figures to advocate for safety measures can help spread awareness and encourage participation in safety initiatives. Routine safety drills and public demonstrations can also serve as practical educational opportunities for both staff and passengers. Therefore, it is crucial to establish clear metrics for evaluating safety awareness and behavioral changes among passengers. Ultimately, the goal of enhancing safety in public transportation transcends mere compliance with regulations; it is about building trust among users. By prioritizing a behavioral approach, it can be created environment where safety awareness thrives and accidents are minimized.