Aim. To investigate and analyze characteristics (gender, geographical area, climate, environmental factors) by means of so far unexplored sources, which could have resulted in a specific clinical picture of a disease known as Škrljevo disease in Rijeka and surrounding region. To investigate pathocenosis and its characteristics in the Rijeka region (especially co-morbidity of tuberculosis, Škrljevo disease and other diseases). Results. In the first decade, out of twenty analyzed places, only in 5 of them there were no deceased from Škrljevo disease. The majority of deaths caused by that disease occurred in Cernik, every fifth person died of Škrljevo disease, and in Hreljin and Grobnik, every tenth person. In other places, tuberculosis was a more common cause of death. Hunger also appeared as a frequent cause of death in this region. We analyzed hospital reports from a hospital established in 1818. Hospital reports for 1824, 1826, 1827 1828 years were partially preserved. They included data for 747 hospitalized persons. The status of patients were analyzed from the reports. The most common diagnoses were herpes lesions on body parts, ulcerated angina, condylomas, scabies, fluor alba, and ozena. During 41 year of its activity, 792 persons (5% of the total of patients) died in the hospital. Most commonly the diagnosis of tabes was registered as the cause of death (130 times). 7 persons died of Škrljevo disease (syphilis, tabes dorsalis) in the hospital. In the second decade, tuberculosis was 3–5 times more frequent cause of death than in the first decade, but there were no deaths caused by hunger. In the third studied decade, there were no death cases due to Škrljevo disease in the three analyzed parishes. The most common cause of death was tuberculosis in all twenty parishes. Škrljevo disease was not recorded as the cause of death. Conclusion. Škrljevo disease appeared in the last decade of the 18th century, it was transmitted from the villages of the Bakar hinterland to nearby and more distant areas in a short period of time. It affected mostly rural population. The peak of the disease was between 1815 and 1825 when a hospital in Kraljevica was opened. By analyzing diagnoses recorded as the cause of death, it can be concluded that it was not a lethal disease. The hospital justified its existence because it allowed health care authorities to eradicate endemic syphilis known as Morbus Scherlievo.