Because of rising public debt, budget deficit and other fiscal limitations many EU member states are faced with an inability to finance public infrastructure projects through borrowing. In such models, public authorities assume all project risks. Conversely, with the emergence of alternative procurement models which include private sector participation, such as concessions and public-private partnerships, it is possible to share project risks so that each party assumes those risks it can manage best. The doctoral dissertation „Assessment of effectiveness and risks of private sector participation in development of road infrastructure“ is based on international and domestic experience of private sector participation in road infrastructure projects. The main objective of the scientific research is identified within three research questions: (i) why alternative models which include private sector participation in development of road infrastructure are needed, (ii) what types of risks and institutional prerequisites affect private sector participation and (iii) how to evaluate efficiency and create case study examples for private sector participation in implementation of future capital projects. For the purpose of elaborating the research subject, the dissertation analyses good practices, theoretical knowledge and practical experiences of private sector participation in selected EU member states (Slovenia, Italy, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Austria, France, Portugal, Croatia). Within the research, the dissertation tested the impact of rising fiscal constraints on reduced investment in public sector infrastructure, processes of variability of risks occurrence during all project implementation phases and effectiveness of road infrastructure projects managed by private and public partners. The main objective of the research is to infer the assumption that the private sector is more efficient and better at managing operational costs and risks associated with delivering road infrastructure projects than the public sector. The research established measurable values that provide decision-makers in the public sector with a quality model for an ex-ante assessment of investment projects and an ex-post tool for monitoring effectiveness of projects in implementation.